四招提升英语口语:从简单句开始
作者:上海外国语大学IPP国际预科项目时间:01月16日

不敢开口,害怕说错,这是中国学生英语口语的典型特征。对于刚刚接触口语的同学来说,担心口语语法错误是多余的,只有内容足够流利了,才需要开始语法,想要英语语法方面提分,应该从简单的句子出发。

计划出国留学的亲们,如果是刚刚开始接触口语,那么还是希望童鞋们先把语法放一放,最重要的是保证你要表达内容的流利度。如果已经过了初级的练习阶段,那么还是要开始注意你的语法小 错误了!虽然大家都知道长句会加分,但是无从下口啊!就是因为怕有语法错误,各种语序,词组用法神马的。想要在语法方面提分,其实我们还可以从一些稍稍简 单的句子出发。比如说:


1.提高英语口语——定语从句


简单好用的一个基础入门句型,能够把主要的point用一个句子来描述出来。同时能够把两个简单意思的短句练成一个高级的长句式。这个句子好用的地方就在于,既可以修饰一个词语,也可以修饰一个句子。我们可以通过下面的例子一起来看一下:


问题: Have you ever learned any useful things from watching TV?


回 答1:Yes. For example, recently, I have been watching a TV program. It’s called “Big Gourmet”, and this program arouses my interest in cooking…


回答2: Yes. For example, recently, I have been watching a TV program called“Big Gourmet” which has seriously aroused my interest in cooking…


两个回答虽然的确涵盖了相同的信息点,但是明显回答2更为简洁,并且把内容都放置在一个句子中了,结构合理,逻辑清晰。


2. 提高英语口语——真实条件句


光 是听这个名字,童鞋们是不是就觉得很高级了!不少烤鸭只要看到if,就会觉得这个句子肯定用的是虚拟语气,后面接的肯定就是would/should之类 的句子。其实这种想法是错误的!还有另外一种情况的句子,那就是:真实条件句!这种句型用来表示现实中可能出现的情况。一般从句都由if或者when来引 导。比如说:


* If/When employees are treated with more respect, they are more loyal to the company.


* If/When the weather is good, I will probably do some exercise in the park.


* I am usually off at 6 pm, but sometimes I have to work overtime, if something urgent comes up.


从以上的例子,我们也可以看到,真实条件句一般都会用到,if/when... I will...或者if/when... I do....的结构。


以上提到的三个句子,就是真实条件句,虽然用到了if来引导从句,但是主句却不会像虚拟语气一样加would/should之类情态动词。因此烤鸭们在用到if的时候,脑袋也要转得快一点!


3. 提高英语口语——非真实条件句


讲完了真实条件句,当然现在要出场的就是非真实条件句了!非真实条件句也可以叫做虚拟条件句,也就是说假设的情况是和现实相反的。下面我们来看几个例子:


* If I were more outgoing, I would have more friends at school.


* If I weren't in a bad mood, I wouldn't be shouting at my boyfriend today. 


* If I had known they were coming, I would have cleaned my house.


* If I had studied, I would have passed the test.


从这三个例子中,我们可以明显发现,假设的情况其实都是和现实相反的。实际情况就是其实我并不开朗外向,我心情并不好,我并不知道他们要来。由此我们也可以得到非真实条件句的一些句型结构:


If I were....,I would/wouldn't...


If I had done something....., I would/wouldn't...


If I had done something...., I would have...

4. 提高英语口语——虚拟语气的其他用法

相信现在童鞋看到这里,已经能够明白真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法了。那么再给大家一个surprise!那就是传说中的虚拟语气的其他用法!虚拟语气大家可能见得多,但是它的一些比较小众的用法,估计大家不是很清楚。下面一起看一道范例!


I didn't do as well as I should have at the speaking test today. I now realize that I should have done a few things differently. I should have spoken more confidently. I should have talked more about my feelings and opinions. And I definitely should't have pretended to know when I didn't understand the question.

在这个例子中,我们可以发现,主句用了过去式,为什么从句并没有一致地使用过去式,而是用了过去的过去,过去完成时呢?没错,这就是虚拟语气的用法,听起来是不是人物的感情显得更强烈了?OK,再给大家两个例子:


* I wish I were a bird.


* I wish I lived in the UK.

主句用了现在时,从句则使用了过去式。这就是虚拟语气的特殊用法,可以强调人物的感情,这样一来,脱口而出的文章情感渲染起来就更浓了。